Essay about Animal Rights - 1553 Words

The issue of animal experimentation is a widely debated topic in the United States. A fundamental question of this debate is whether the functions of animal testing and research are morally and ethically justified. In the viewpoint of the pro-research community, animal testing is a necessary practice. They support this position by stating that humans, instinctually, prioritize their own survival above other animals thus making any use of animals justifiable (Fox 5). The supporters of animal testing believe that it is illogical for humans to place anthropocentric values in animals citing that they can not be moral equals to mankind (Fox 3, 6). The animal rights faction holds belief in different viewpoints against the testing of animals in†¦show more content†¦In todays scientific age, animals are frequently used as a subject of countless experiments. These experiments are used to test the effects of mans diseases, medicines, and products on animals in laboratory to enhance humans knowledge of their own physical and physiological workings. To the animal researcher, this is a necessary function of species survival. Another discussion stated by the pro-research community is the question of morality in animals. It is their view since animals could not, in any capacity, function in a society of autonomous beings (Fox 58). For example, a dog (which is considered an intelligent creature) may understand that certain behaviors may warrant a reward and that some actions will deliver a punishment upon themselves. Its master, in most cases, engrained this mode of logic into the dog through training and conditioning. This is true of most intelligent species, including humans. In contrast, it is the view of the animal researcher that, unlike humans, animals do not have the cognitive ability to make moral judgments. The dog knows not why it is morally right or wrong that its action deserved a response from its master. The animal does not make a moral distinction of being free or bound to man- it is conditioned to behave in response to stimuli it encounters (Fox 57-59). In the eyes of the researcher, animal experimentation is justified by theShow MoreRelatedAnimal Rights And Human Rights923 Words   |  4 Pages Animal Rights â€Å"Nearly as many, 68 percent, were concerned or very concerned about the well-being of animals used in ‘sports’ or contests as well as animals in laboratories (67 percent) (Kretzer, 1).† Many people question whether an animal is capable of thought and emotions. Others feel as though animals are the equivalent of humans and should be treated as such. Since the 1800’s, animal rights has been a topic that has several different sides including two extremes. If animals can react to theirRead MoreThe Debate On Animal Rights910 Words   |  4 PagesThere are two major schools of thought on animal protection. First, is the tenet that animals should have rights and the second, more radical view, is that animals should be liberated. Many of the rights that are promoted for animals are similar to the rights of human democratic societies. The basic rights, which are recommended by a number of advocates, are that animals should be free from suffering, be in posses sion of their own life, and their basic interests should be given the same considerationRead MoreAnimal Rights Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal rights - moral or legal entitlements attributed to nonhuman animals, usually because of the complexity of their cognitive, emotional, and social lives or their capacity to experience physical or emotional pain or pleasure. (Britannia encyclopedia online, n.d.). The definition of animal rights is so clear to us. Human rights need to be protected, so do animal rights. In 1976, in New York City, thousands of cat lovers were beaten when they heard a painful test to be taken for pets’ sexualRead MoreEssay on ANIMAL RIGHTS790 Words   |  4 PagesAnimals have their own rights as do to humans and we should respect that and give them the same respect we give each other. Animals deserve to be given those same basic rights as humans. All humans are considered equal and ethical principles and legal statutes should protect the rights of ani mals to live according to their own nature and remain free from exploitation. This paper is going to argue that animals deserve to have the same rights as humans and therefore, we don’t have the right to killRead MoreAnimal Rights Philosophy768 Words   |  4 Pagesissue of animal rights, Carl Cohen takes on the perspective of a reformist. This means that he accepts animal experimentation and meat eating, but believes that these institutions need to be improved upon. Cohen approaches the issue of animal rights using the ideas of obligations and rights, with not only the reformist perspective, but with the speciesist perspective. The conclusion he draws is that animals do not necessarily have rights just because humans have moral obligations to animals. CohenRead MoreThe Argument Of Animal Rights2068 Words   |  9 PagesSeems rhetorical, but the fact is animals live through this everyday, without even given the choice. As humans, we establish our authority among all living beings, but for what reasons? Are humans better than all other species? Or is it true that we should hold a precedence over nonhuman animals? The ultimate question then remains, should animals have as much or equal to the same rights as humans? Their are endless arguments for and against this question, and many sub arguments that go hand in handRead MoreThe Issue Of Animal Rights Essay2300 Words   |  10 PagesAnimals have the right to equal consideration in regards to their being used for human needs as most people use animals for their own needs on a daily basis even if only indirectly whether to entertain us, or to attain the product we are using, or on our dinner plate. The controversy of the treatment of animals range from some activists and philosopher s that are outspoken against animals being used by humans in any way for our own personal needs, while others are candid in their belief that animalsRead MoreAnimal Rights And The Rights Of Animals1843 Words   |  8 Pagesthe rights of animals and if they think and feel like humans do. Many people see animals as mindless creatures or as food, while others think they have emotions and can feel pain. In other countries animal protection laws are in place that are strictly enforced and seem to work well with the system. In the United States however; some of the animal rights laws are considered to be useless and under-enforced (Animal Legal Historical Center). More people today are beginning to see that animals shouldRead More Animal Rights Essay2330 Words   |  10 PagesAnimals and man have shared this planet since humans first appeared on earth. Animals have provided transportation, food, clothing, shelter, companionship and entertainment throughout the ages. Therefore, it is our duty to treat animals with respect, care and kindness and not cause them undue suffering, because they have, in many ways, made it possible for man to survive on earth. However, because normal adult humans have superior mental abilities in the hierarchical scale in nature, animals haveRead MoreEssay on Nonhuman Animal Rights1248 Words   |  5 PagesIn regards to animals, the issue of rights and whether they exist becomes a touchy subject. In the essay, â€Å"Nonhuman Animal Rights: Sorely Neglected,† author Tom Regan asserts that animals have rights based upon inherent value of experiencing subjects of a life. Regan’s argument will first be expressed, later explained, and evaluated in further detail. Lastly, that fact that Regan thinks rights are harbored under the circumstance of being an experiencing subject of a life will also be discussed in

Staple Remover Components Free Essays

Components and the Materials of Parts: The formation of the staple remover is based on performance and durability without extra useless parts. The materials that form the tool are managed properly to minimize total costs while maximizing the production rates. There are four main parts: wedges, spring, handle and pin axle. We will write a custom essay sample on Staple Remover Components or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Wedges of Staple Remover The staple remover is comprised of two wedges on shaft. These engaged wedges are usually made from chrome-plated steel, because it is not only harder than the material of the staple, but also tough enough to resist the force applied to extract it. Although the chrome-plated steel using provides these benefits, it shows mild rust-resistance in very moist environments. However, this disadvantage of the material can be ignored, because the staple remover is produced to be used in offices generally. The expander spring is another important part that brings these wedges back to its original opened state. Also, it is usually made from chrome-plated steel like the wedges to prevent any possible failures through metal fatigue in continued use. The handles/grips of the staple remover are important for the usage, but it does not have any functional roles for the aim of the device. The grips provide easy use for users, because people do not have to hold cold and tough metal surface. Grips are largely made from plastic materials which are the most proper choose with its cheapness and formability. The pin axle is a cylindrical cross member which gives the wedges ability to rotate. It is made of stainless steel, which have high rust-resistance in places that have been worn by contact with other metals. How to cite Staple Remover Components, Essay examples

Morradi Essay Example For Students

Morradi Essay Growing Up 5: Toms experience in the graveyard is disturbing his natural way of doing things. He talks in his sleep and avoids the usual superstitious games the boys play. Instead, he visits Muff Potter in jail, giving him food and tobacco. This is a different side of the normally mischievous, playful Tom. Since he has sworn not to tell anyone about the murder, and is deathly scared of what Injun Joe would do to him, the only way he can cope with the situation is performing small acts of kindness for Potter. This is the initial step from boy to adult that he takes. Growing Up 6: In running away, Tom and Joe have committed themselves to something much bigger than simple play. They feel very guilty over stealing. For the first time, their actions seem to have consequences. The reality of running away to become pirates is very different than simply pretending. They might talk of the robbing and killing they will do as pirates, but actual crimes such as stealing food seem unacceptable. Only when they each decide that they will not steal can they go to sleep. Huck feels no such guilt, because he isnt constricted by the civilized rules Tom and Joe were raised with. Growing Up 7: This chapter illustrates the conflict between the boy and the man in Tom. The adult part of Tom makes him return home. He plans to leave a note for Aunt Polly assuring her that they are alive, because he is concerned for her and doesnt want anyone to be worried about them. When he actually hears how upset everyone is, he considers giving up and telling everyone where they are. However, he chooses to stay hidden and not leave a note. Instead, he has a grand idea-a boys idea-of how to solve his problem, and leaves. Words/ Pages : 307 / 24

The More We Import From Developing Countries, The More They Will Impor

The More We Import From Developing Countries, The More They Will Import From Us Low import levels from less developed countries raise economic, political and moral questions. Fraser Hosford and Shane Roberts examine the theory and evidence to propose an economic argument in favour of importing more from less developed countries. This paper will use both qualitative and quantitative analysis to evaluate the proposition that the more we import from developing countries, the more they will import from us. For the purposes of this analysis, it will be assumed that Ireland aims to maximise its net exports, rather than its real income, quality of life, or any other measure of welfare. The many other arguments in favour of trade (such as the gains from specialisation, scale and international competition) will therefore be ignored. While there are several mechanisms by which an increase in Ireland's imports from developing countries could theoretically lead to an increase in their demand for Irish goods, there are a number of qualifications to this theory. There is, in practice, only a very small link between Irish imports and future demand for Irish goods. Section I of the paper will state the arguments in favour of the proposition. Section II will examine the problems with these arguments and Section III will run three simple regressions using trade data from the last 23 years to test the theory.

Free Essays on Metamorphosis

Franz Kafka’s: The Metamorphosis By: In life there are many changes, some changes occur physically, and some occur mentally. When these changes occur they can either cause extreme satisfaction or extreme discomfort. In the book The Metamorphosis, change occurs in both mental and physical ways. The book is based on a man who by no fault at all changes his physical appearance in an awful manner. Leaving the emotional change much more hard to believe. The fact of the matter is that the family, which he worked for and provided for because of an economical loan, changed in a more horrific matter then he could ever have. I personally believe that the point he was making by the name metamorphosis was on how his environment changed rather then his physical appearance. Gregor was the son of Herr and Frau Samsa and brother of Grete Samsa. Before Gregor’s unusual change, he had been a traveling sales man. He maintained this job because his parents had previously engaged in a loan with the boss of the company, and now Gregor was working for him to pay of they’re dept that would take him a couple of years to bring to an end. Gregor’s job was also enough to afford a very big and well-embellished house, which also led him to believe that he had to continue working there to keep his family well. Gregor’s job never left him any time for himself; he never had any time to enjoy life’s precious qualities. He also explained how hard it was to travel non-stop and not being able to rest in a manner that would release him of all his stress. Thus leaving him a man of extreme concerns. Examining the catalyst that started all the metamorphosing I came down to the conclusion that it’s all a metaphor to how his life changed in such a short period of time. The transformation was not explained in real time. When he awakens from his dreams he is already transformed to what is described as a cockroach. I was surprised at the fact... Free Essays on Metamorphosis Free Essays on Metamorphosis Franz Kafka’s: The Metamorphosis By: In life there are many changes, some changes occur physically, and some occur mentally. When these changes occur they can either cause extreme satisfaction or extreme discomfort. In the book The Metamorphosis, change occurs in both mental and physical ways. The book is based on a man who by no fault at all changes his physical appearance in an awful manner. Leaving the emotional change much more hard to believe. The fact of the matter is that the family, which he worked for and provided for because of an economical loan, changed in a more horrific matter then he could ever have. I personally believe that the point he was making by the name metamorphosis was on how his environment changed rather then his physical appearance. Gregor was the son of Herr and Frau Samsa and brother of Grete Samsa. Before Gregor’s unusual change, he had been a traveling sales man. He maintained this job because his parents had previously engaged in a loan with the boss of the company, and now Gregor was working for him to pay of they’re dept that would take him a couple of years to bring to an end. Gregor’s job was also enough to afford a very big and well-embellished house, which also led him to believe that he had to continue working there to keep his family well. Gregor’s job never left him any time for himself; he never had any time to enjoy life’s precious qualities. He also explained how hard it was to travel non-stop and not being able to rest in a manner that would release him of all his stress. Thus leaving him a man of extreme concerns. Examining the catalyst that started all the metamorphosing I came down to the conclusion that it’s all a metaphor to how his life changed in such a short period of time. The transformation was not explained in real time. When he awakens from his dreams he is already transformed to what is described as a cockroach. I was surprised at the fact... Free Essays on Metamorphosis In Kafka’s â€Å"Metamorphosis,† every character had encountered transition but among all of them, Grete transformed drastically compared to other characters. She started off being loving and caring, taking tedious care of Gregory’s new way of life. However, after time passes and his mother faints once again Grete becomes fed up with taking care of this bug. From being a loving sister, she turns to hate him and ultimately professes her hated of him and wishes he go away. Those words Gregory heard, were the last words he heard before he died in that bed alone a night. Gregory obviously has changed physically due to his metamorphosis into a bug. But he has also changed perhaps emotionally. Gregory was used to being the primary bread maker of the family, but when his transformation paralyzes most of his movements. He realizes this paralysis changes his family, mainly Grete, he realizes how she doesn’t care for him anymore and overhears her wishing he was gone. He also recognizes the lack of concern from his parents and find outs his father has money. But his father never tells Gregory about it. Mrs. Samsa does change slightly, but only to adapt to their new style of living. She does display some level of love for her son throughout the story. The only way she changed is in the beginning, she never worked or did anything around the house. However, later on during the story she gets a job and hires a maid to take care of the house. Unlike Mrs. Samsa, Mr. Samsa’s mood stays at a constant pace. Mr. Samsa’s attitude throughout this story is this old grumpy, angered man who despises Gregory from the beginning. When Mrs. Samsa faints and causes a ruckus in the house Mr. Samsa is infuriated. He throws apples at Gregory, wounding him severely. He shows no love for Gregory at all during the story. In the beginning of the essay Grete displayed her kindness toward Gregor by doing minor gestures such as: opening the window for ...

The Complete Guide to AP Human Geography FRQs

The Complete Guide to AP Human Geography FRQs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The free-response section is the hardest part of any AP test. Although AP Human Geography is much more straightforward than some other humanities AP exams, if you don't have your stuff down, the free-response section can still hit you where it hurts. In this article, I'll take you through the structure of the free-response section, some tips for answering AP Human Geography FRQsstrategically, examples of what actual questions look like, and a few places where you can find the best practice materials. AP Human Geography Free-Response Section Format There are three questions on the free-response section, each worth the same percentage of your score.You’ll have an hour and 15 minutes to answer all three questions.Free-response prompts will ask you to: Demonstrate an understanding of geographic models Analyze and evaluate geographic concepts Cite and explain examples of various geographic processes Synthesize different topics covered in the curriculum Most free-response questions have multiple parts, and you can earn anywhere from 6-10 raw points on each of them.It’s usually fairly obvious where the points are earned on these questions, as you’ll see in the examples in the upcoming sections. How to Answer AP Human Geography FRQs Before we get into examples with answer explanations, I’ll give you some essential steps for answering these types of questions.AP Human Geography free-response questions are typically pretty straightforward so you can attack them in a methodical fashion. Here's a sample question from the 2015 exam that I'll use as a reference so you can see how the different steps apply: Step 1: Read the Introductory Statement Before you start in on the first part of the question, make sure you read the short introductory blurb.It sets up the topic you’ll be analyzing and gives you firmer ground to stand on when addressing the rest of the question. In the sample question above, the introductory statement makes it clear that the question will deal with refugees and the political and social origins of mass emigration. Reading all the introductory statements for the three free-response questions in the section before you start answering any of them can help you decide where to begin.If you see a topic that is especially familiar, you might go for that question first because you’ll be able to answer it the fastest. Step 2: Identify the Key Command In each part of the question, underline what it’s asking you to do.Common examples of key commands include â€Å"compare,† â€Å"describe,† â€Å"identify,† and â€Å"explain.†It’s helpful to underline these words to keep yourself on track when responding to the question.This is also useful because it will get you in the habit of paying closer attention to the differences between each of these tasks. For example, a question that asks you to â€Å"identify† something will merit a much more succinct answer than one that asks you to â€Å"describe† it.In part A of the sample question, the key command is "define," meaning you could just give a one sentence answer that clearly outlines what a refugee is. For part B, the key command is "discuss," which denotes a longer answer that elaborates on each reason for refugees leaving their countries of origin. In part C, the key commands are "identify and explain," which would mean a very succinct answer followed by greater detail. The final part of the question asks you to "explain" two economic impacts, which means a couple of sentences of further clarification for each example you give.You’ll save time and earn points if you’re careful to make these distinctions! Step 3: Hit the Points Now it’s time to answer the question.Make an estimate of how many points are possible in this part of the question.For example, if a question tells you to give two examples of how a concept applies to a certain country’s economic landscape, there are likely two points that you can potentially earn for that part of the question.In the sample question, you can see relatively clearly that part A is worth one point, part B is worth three points, part C is worth two points, and part D is worth two points. Part C is the only tricky part - notice that you're only asked for one reason, but you must identify AND explain it. There is typically one point available for completing each key command.After making this determination, write a clear answer that addresses all of the points thoroughly and will make it easy for the grader to find your responses. Step 4: Reread and Double Check When you’ve finished writing your answer, reread the question and your response to make sure you’ve done everything it asked you to do.If you’re satisfied, move onto the next part of the question, and repeat the process of identifying key commands and hitting all the possible points.After you finish the last part, check over all of your answers for that question one last time to ensure that everything is the way you want it to be. Then you can move onto the next free-response question. Review your answers with a second, more critical eye. I think this picture is photoshopped, but I don't know for sure because I don't feel like Googling "can you have two pupil/iris combos within one eyeball?" Just kidding, I did Googleit, and it's probably not a thing, but not even the internet knows for sure.OoOoOoOo. AP Human Geography FRQ Examples In this section, I'll go through the answers to two different free-response questions that were asked on real AP Human Geography tests within the last couple of years. Here's the first question: For this question, a knowledge of the most prevalent geographic models and theories is very important.You need to be able to relate one of these models to the economic development of a specific country.This question requires almost all the skills listed in the first section of this guide. As you may have guessed, there were three points possible for the answer to the first part.Here are some examples of differences between the two models that you could identify and compare: Rostow’s five-stage model says that national economies are developing forward over time (never moving backward) while Wallerstein’s core-periphery model says that countries are static or can move backward in development. Rostow’s model says that international trade may help countries to grow economically while Wallerstein’s model says that international trade strengthens development in core countries and constrains development in peripheral countries. Rostow’s model provides a national-level analysis while Wallerstein’s model provides an international-level analysis. For part B, you need to show that you can apply these models in the context of Mexico and Brazil, countries that are in the midst of fully developing and modernizing their economies.One point would be earned for identifying a stage or part of one of the models, and a second point would be earned for explaining that stage or part.For example, you could talk about Stage 4, or the Drive to Maturity, in Rostow’s model.This stage is exemplified by increased manufacturing specialization and integration into the global economy. For part C, you would have to identify two examples of the core-periphery concept below the national level.One example might be a core city and its peripheral suburbs.Another example might be a core productive area surrounded by a less developed or impoverished periphery. Now, let’s take a look at a second example with an image component: Forpart A, we have to consult the map and determine one characteristic that the shaded countries have in common.Examples of characteristics you could mention include: They’re all developing countries. They’re former colonies. They all use plantation or small-scale agriculture. They’re all equatorial countries. Part A was worth one point.Notice that this only requires a very broad understanding of the nature of these countries or a basic knowledge of climate in different parts of the world. For part B, you could earn two points for identifying each impact of coffee farming.Possibilities include: Economic development:Coffee farming leads to increased employment, growth in GNP, development of infrastructure, improved foreign exchange, increased global trade and better international relations. Environmental impacts:Coffee farming causes harmful effects from agricultural chemicals, water use issues, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and soil erosion. You could also talk about how coffee farming might lead to too much economic dependence on a single commodity and cause the land to be used for commercial agriculture rather than food. Part C was also worth two points, one for identifying a way that increased consumption affects coffee-producing countries and one for explaining the effect in more detail.For example, you might say that increased consumption leads to increased production.This, in turn, means more resources dedicated to coffee production, the adoption of new technologies related to the industry, increased profit, and the introduction of new producers into the coffee industry. Finally, for part D, you have to explain a specifically urban change in the developed world related to coffee production.You might say that more coffee shops will start to spring up in urban areas.That gets you one point.Then, you could earn a second point if you got into a more specific discussion about how the placement of coffee shops is related to geographic theories.You might explain it in the context of consumer proximity, central place theory, and diffusion. How to Practice AP Human Geography FRQs You can find plenty of sample AP Human Geography free-response questions (and their corresponding answer guidelines) online.The College Board site has real test questions that were administered between 2004 and 2015 with sample responses and scoring guidelines.This is the best resource for free response questions because you can be sure that they’re accurate representations of what you’ll see on your exam in terms of content and difficulty level.There’s nothing wrong with using free-response questions crafted by test prep companies for preliminary practice, but you should always incorporate real questions into your studying at frequent intervals. Barron’s has a free practice test that you can take in timed or practice mode depending on how serious you’re feeling.It might be good to make use of the timed mode when you’re close to the real test so you can get an accurate feel for the conditions.It has three free-response questions just like the actual AP test, and you can consult scoring guidelines to check your answers (the multiple-choice portion of the test is scored automatically, but you have to do a little more work for free response).If you’re not averse to spending a bit of money ($25), you might also register with Learnerator to get access to a bunch of additional AP Human Geography practice free-response questions. It's time to fly free! Go, respond. It is your destiny. What's Next? If you want an overview of the whole exam with examples of multiple-choice and free-response questions, take a look at my survey of the AP Human Geography test including study tips and sample questions. Looking for more resources to use in preparing for this test? Check out my ultimate study guide for AP Human Geography! If you want more free response practice, you might consider getting a review book to supplement the online resources listed in this article. Here's a list of the best review books for AP Human Geography.

International Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

International Human Resource Management - Essay Example International human resource management also pays due attention at administering diversified human capital (Scribd, 2012). Role of HRM in the United Kingdom The management of the organisations has become quite difficult and challenging in the present times, essentially in terms of accountability of the managers in administering the people. The managers belonging to the twenty-first century are faced with many regulations as well as restrictions that restrain their independence to act unilaterally. They are also faced with greater volatility as well as changeability in their external environment. The concept of ‘Human Resource Management’ did not initiate in the United Kingdom but in the United States in the period of 1980s. For few people, the term came to present a significant distinct approach to the management of the people. It has been based upon new assumptions regarding the employees, the altering characteristics of the work and regarding how best to enhance the ca pability of the staff in the organisation. It was noted that most of the organisations in the United Kingdom were capable of encompassing the new developments. A number of organisations in the United Kingdom did not embrace the concept related to human resource management because they wanted to retain the personal management title because of the fact that this evaded the impersonal relationship with their employees as human resources. However, with due course of time many ‘people’ departments were identified as HR departments (Oxford University Press, 2012). The main objective of the paper is to understand the human resource management practices in the United Kingdom. It will attempt to gauge the background and context of the United Kingdom and will also endevour to offer certain indications on the internal factors as well as the external factors that will have certain bearing on the way in which HRM is carried out in that particular country. The paper will attempt to t hrow light upon the significance of employee relation and will also demonstrate the degree to which culture, political, economic as well as social context have an impact upon the associations. Background and Context of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom can be considered as a monarch state which is situated off the north-western coast of Europe. The UK is one of the developed countries of the world. It has obtained seventh position in terms of biggest nations in the globe concerning nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and with regard to Purchasing Power Parity it is the eighth-biggest economy (GoldGoal, 2011). In the previous times, Britain sought a voluntarist industrial relation system offering the parties belonging to the industrial relations a significant level of freedom to opt for their preferred institutional arrangements. It has been noted in the two decades before the 1998 Workplace Employment Relations Survey overlapped with the Thatcher period. It was during this peri od when a development of the employer’s choice was created by various deregulatory measures thereby minimising legal endorsement for the trade union activity. Till the period 1998, it was found that the employers in the United

Describe fully how corporate governance has developed in the UK from Essay

Describe fully how corporate governance has developed in the UK from the early 1990's to the present day, outlining as appropriate the key influences on the development - Essay Example The Cadbury Report came up with a significant number of recommendations. Amongst the most important ones were the separation of the role of chairman and chief executive, an increase in the number of non-executive directors on the board of a company, the selection process of non-executive directors and the need for good internal controls over the operations of a company. The issue of thick amounts being paid out as director’s salary and share options being granted to the top management led to the issuance of the Greenbury Report in 1995. The report recommended the creation of a remuneration committee comprising of non-executive directors (BOURNE 2007). The purpose of this committee was to determine the pay of executive directors. Moreover, the report required extensive disclosure in the financial statements about directors’ salary and other benefits granted to them by the company. In early 1996, a committee by the name of Hampel Committee was established to determine whether the principles laid down by the Cadbury and Greenbury Reports were even put into practice by companies or not. The Hampel Committee came up with the Hampel Report which led to the eventual publication of the much famous Combined Code of Corporate Governance in 1998. The Combined Code covered a lot of important areas like director’s remuneration, accounts and auditing, company’s dealings with major or institutional shareholders, operations of the board of directors and the responsibilities of institutional shareholders. The Code applied to all the listed companies in the UK from almost the start of 1999 till November ’03 when the Revised Code was issued. The Combined Code also required companies to provide a statement in their annual reports telling how they have complied with the principles laid down in the code (LYSANDROU 2007). There was much confusion over how companies should implement the teachings of various codes into their business.

Three Scenarios Essay Example for Free

Three Scenarios Essay In a particular art industry there are clients that insist to the company to use artworks even though the company does not have the license to use the designs requested by the customers. The client’s demands that the images concerned are to be used. This is about work ethics on copyright issues; theoretically the company is not accountable for the content of the standard design, it is the client’s responsibility. In such situations and argument that would occur between the client and the company it is best to discuss the meaning of copyright because not all people have the idea about copyright. Other employees can walk away from the job but as an employee with work ethics the problem should be solved in a manner that no harm will happen for the company and the client. Misunderstanding about certain facts and issues are sometimes just the root of losing ethics in the industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As an employee of a certain company you have a long term client, wherein the client’s business is so familiar to the company, one day the the client has approached the employee and ask if he could render service on them using the experience that the employee has gained from they company wherein he is presently working this is an option for the employee if e will accept the offer. But this is a representation for such conflict of interest that would affect the company that has trained and trusted the employee, this will affect the company and it should have preparations if such things happen o its employee.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An employee comes to work always late until such time that it was noticed by the human resource officer and warn the employee that if he continue such work ethics he will be receiving a warning for dismissal, but it was again repeated by the employee and after that he received a letter of termination from the company. This is a wrong ethics from the employer for they had violated the rule they have given for every employee. Each employee has equal right to be given fair treatment for such codes or rules implemented by the company.

Bay of pigs :: essays research papers

The Bay of Pigs Invasion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By late 1958 Castro was still fighting a guerilla war against the Fulgencio Batista. Before he came to power, there was an incident between his troops and some vacationing American troops from the nearby American naval base at Guantanamo Bay. During the incident some U.S. Marines were held captive by Castro’s forces but were later released after a ransom was secretly paid. Because of what happened the United States and the chief of U.S. Naval Operations, Admiral Burke, wanted to send in the Marines to destroy Castro's forces but Secretary of State Foster Dulles didn’t want any of that to happen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Castro overthrew Batista in 1959. Originally Castro was not a communist. Fearful of Castro's revolution, people with money, like doctors, lawyers, and the Mafia, left Cuba for the United States. To prevent the loss of more capital Castro's solution was to nationalize some of the businesses in Cuba. In the process of nationalizing some business he came into conflict with American interests .U.S. businesses were taken over, and the process of socialization began with little if any talk of compromise. There were also rumors of Cuban involvement in trying to invade Panama, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic and by this time Castro had been turn down by the United States for any aid. Being rejected by the Americans, he met with foreign minister Anasta Mikoyan to secure a $100 million loan from the Soviet Union. It was then that the American Intelligence and Foreign Relations communities decided that Castro was leaning towards communism and had to be dealt with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the spring of 1960, President Eisenhower approved a plan to send small groups of American trained, Cuban exiles, to work underground as guerrillas to overthrow Castro. By the fall, the plan was changed to a full invasion with air support by exile Cubans in American supplied planes. The group was to be trained in Panama, but with the growth of the operation and the quickening pace of events in Cuba, it was decided to move things to a base in Guatemala. The plan was rushed. The man in charge of the operation was CIA’s Deputy Director Richard Bissell. President Kennedy could have stopped the invasion or at least slowed it down if he wanted to, but he probably didn't do so for his own reasons. For one, his campaign called for some form of action against Cuba , and to back out now would mean having groups of Cuban exiles going around talking about how the U. Bay of pigs :: essays research papers The Bay of Pigs Invasion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By late 1958 Castro was still fighting a guerilla war against the Fulgencio Batista. Before he came to power, there was an incident between his troops and some vacationing American troops from the nearby American naval base at Guantanamo Bay. During the incident some U.S. Marines were held captive by Castro’s forces but were later released after a ransom was secretly paid. Because of what happened the United States and the chief of U.S. Naval Operations, Admiral Burke, wanted to send in the Marines to destroy Castro's forces but Secretary of State Foster Dulles didn’t want any of that to happen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Castro overthrew Batista in 1959. Originally Castro was not a communist. Fearful of Castro's revolution, people with money, like doctors, lawyers, and the Mafia, left Cuba for the United States. To prevent the loss of more capital Castro's solution was to nationalize some of the businesses in Cuba. In the process of nationalizing some business he came into conflict with American interests .U.S. businesses were taken over, and the process of socialization began with little if any talk of compromise. There were also rumors of Cuban involvement in trying to invade Panama, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic and by this time Castro had been turn down by the United States for any aid. Being rejected by the Americans, he met with foreign minister Anasta Mikoyan to secure a $100 million loan from the Soviet Union. It was then that the American Intelligence and Foreign Relations communities decided that Castro was leaning towards communism and had to be dealt with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the spring of 1960, President Eisenhower approved a plan to send small groups of American trained, Cuban exiles, to work underground as guerrillas to overthrow Castro. By the fall, the plan was changed to a full invasion with air support by exile Cubans in American supplied planes. The group was to be trained in Panama, but with the growth of the operation and the quickening pace of events in Cuba, it was decided to move things to a base in Guatemala. The plan was rushed. The man in charge of the operation was CIA’s Deputy Director Richard Bissell. President Kennedy could have stopped the invasion or at least slowed it down if he wanted to, but he probably didn't do so for his own reasons. For one, his campaign called for some form of action against Cuba , and to back out now would mean having groups of Cuban exiles going around talking about how the U.

In Partial Fulfillment in Principles of Management Essay

Summary: Mr. Oscar Pascua has a construction business; he hired his niece Ofelia to help him manage the construction firm. He assigned Ofelia to do the administrative work. Ofelia enjoyed her work doing various tasks she ordered to perform, positive interactions with employees kept Ofelia busy and contented with her work. Milagros, Mr. Pascua’s sister has an entertainment business. She noticed and saw Ofelia’s work and got interested of borrowing Ofelia for a while. Obviously, Milagros wanted the administrative aspects of her business straightened out. Ofelia was only too glad to join her aunt Milagros. She taught that she could give herself a break from the construction firm. When Ofelia began to work with her aunt, she found out that there are many things she should attend to. For instance, employee records are not complete, and company policies and procedures are not well documented. It is difficult to determine employees’ performance. Ofelia distributed the required forms to the employees and the talents who are undergoing training, she noticed that they are not eager to accomplish them. One day a janitor approached her and asked if she would dispose the contents of the wastebaskets even if the forms she distributed are in them. Ofelia tried to contain her anger. After a while she regained and asked her self, â€Å"What kind of people are the? I wish I’m back at my former job†. Questions: 1. Do you think the situation is hopeless for Ofelia? 2. What will be your advice to her? Statement of the Problem: Ofelia thought that in the entertainment business is a less difficult than her former job; she didn’t make a brief research in the entertainment business. She accepted it without any hesitations, unluckily her present job was worse than she can ever thought. Answer: 1. The situation of Ofelia is a bit hopeless but she can still manage it. 2. I will advise Ofelia to go back to her former job at the construction firm because she’s more productive in working with his uncle. She could just tell her aunt to hire a new administrator, a more experienced administrator in entertainment business. Conclusion: We therefore conclude that Ofelia must know how to cooperate with different level people especially in entertainment business; she must have more patience and a different level of interaction to those people or employees. If she doesn’t want the job she can resign and go back to her former job at Mr. Pascua, Ofelia is hardworking person and she’s confident and she enjoys her work, but when you’re not into the kind of a thing job you must not accept it if you do not have a proper training and seminars. Before you get a job you must know first how it will be, what kind, and who are the people or employees you’re going to work with. Sometimes it is better to know the situation first before entering.

Socioeconomic Structures and History in Spanish and Portuguese

Heather Coffey HIST 3401W December 18th, 2012 Socioeconomic Structures and History in Spanish and Portuguese America from the Conquest until Post Colonial Period Throughout the entire history of Portuguese and Spanish occupation of the Americas there were evolving hierarchies, labor regimes, gender relations, sources of wealth, regions of wealth, trade routes, uprisings, economic hard times and high times, etc. A very prominent source behind this constant ebb and flow of the history of Portuguese and Spanish Americas can easily be attributed to the economic forces always at play.It can be seen in the reasons for the conquest of Latin america and South America, the onset of the colonial period and the rebellions of eighteenth century. It is important to understand the economic drives that were in play in the beginning of the conquest because it would inevitably change the social landscape of Mexico, the outlying islands and South America forever. The Age of Exploration brought upon a wealth of knowledge for the world, and specifically for the Kingdoms of Spain and Portugal it also brought a lot of wealth.The rivalry between the two kingdoms and need for financial gains led the two to divide the areas of the world where exploration was viable with the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 which divided the lands East of the demarcation line (halfway between the Cape Verde Islands) to Portugal and the lands west of that to Spain. Keeping within these boundaries, explorers such as Christopher Columbus, Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro (among many others) scoured the newly discovered Americas in search of new land, but also new sources of wealth.Upon reaching the Americas, both in Mexico and the surrounding areas as well as South America, one of the main goals was the search for wealth in Gold and Silver. The hunt for both as well as other rich resources at first led the explorers on a wild goose chase around the alien lands and native people until areas were found and d eemed suitable for settlement and a worthy and financially sound decision as it would prove to be for Spain and Portugal. †¦where have men seen what they see today, fleets entering loaded with gold and silver as if it were iron? Or where was it known or read that so much wealth could come from one kingdom? So much and so great is it that Spain is full of these treasures, and her cities are populated by many rich perusers who have left there. â€Å"1 Once regions were settled and indigenous resistance to colonizing efforts were temporarily brought somewhat under control the exploitation of the rich resources of the land began.There were shiploads of Spanish and Portuguese men (and some women) brought into Latin America to aid in the settlement process, but it was the indigenous that were used in the farming and mining of these resources as well as the upkeep of the households of the white families by the indigenous women. This aided in the creation of the pyramid of the divisio ns of class and caste throughout all of Mexico and South America, at first drawing distinct lines between â€Å"White† and Indian. As time progresses the indigenous succumb to diseases brought by the white people and the population of Indians from all regions declines drastically.African slave trade was key here as they replaced the vast numbers of Indians lost, but also then entered them into the socio-economic orders. In the times of the conquest and the beginnings of the colonial period the lines of race were much clearer, White, Indian and Black, but this would change and the lines would blur through out the colonial period as races mix. The gender relations between the races began early with, more commonly, the slave women or african or Indian descent brought in to do slave work in white households or to do the â€Å"female† tasks of spinning wool, etc. , women were taken in as concubines and thus the blending of white and indian and black began. By the colonial p eriod and beyond there would be upwards of sixteen different names for the gradations in color and subsequently class. The very bottom of the â€Å"social† pyramid being slaves, mostly blacks who were immovable in the caste system due to their â€Å"involuntary citizenship and thus assumed treachery†3. It's interesting to see how the need for free and cheap labor brought what would shape the future identities that would become those of the Americas.Over time the economies of both Spain and portugal became dependent on the goods, tax revenues and tributes coming from Latin America and through times when the â€Å"goods† weren't doing so well they had to rely more heavily on other aspects. There were periods of time when the silver production at Potosi, for instance, wasn't doing well due to lack of supplies needed for mining. These regions then would be hit heavily with raised tributes from lower social orders as well as enforced and raised taxes on goods traded within the regions as would be the cause of the Repartimiento de Comercio in 1751.These financial strains as well as the enforced labor of men used as tribute as well (mita) left the majority of the population (lower classes) financially and even physically weak. This continued to grow and grow throughout the colonial period caused great discontent â€Å"Conflicts over land distribution, tribute rates, mitt allocations, the succession to ethnic leadership posts, and abuses by local priests and corregidores frequently disturbed local indigenous communities during the eighteenth century. The spread of the repartee often exacerbated such local tensions, leading to an escalation of violence. 4 These issues would like to the uprisings and rebellions that would create chaos for the Spanish and Portuguese throughout the late eighteenth century and on, the most notable being those lead by Tomas Katari, Tupac Amaru II and Tupac Katari in Peru and upper Peru from 1780-1783. The socioeconomic history of Spanish and Portuguese America is a broad topic, hard to even begin to explain in a short paper as this. That being said, I believe that it's important to understand the impact that it had on the entire region.The effects that it had on the populations from the declining population of indigenous from illness brought from Europe, to the subsequent new races of people caused by the blending of populations all forced to live together. Also the strain that this would inevitably put on those being taken advantage of by the colonial leaders and Castilian and Portuguese crowns. This entire history from the fifteenth century until the early nineteenth century was put into motion by cause and effect situations led by the greed of men, this need for wealth that would take over and hange the lives of millions. 1. Quote from Pedro Cieza de Leon in the Discovery and Conquest of Peru, Pp. 33. Lecture notes from Thursday, Sept. 27th. 2. Townsend, Camilla. Malintzins Choices: An Indian Woman in the Conquest of Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuqurque 2006. Pp. 35 3. Weaver-Oldon, Nathan. Lecture Oct. 2 . â€Å"Critical Ways that Indians and Africans Seen As Different. 4. Andrien, Kenneth. Andean Worlds: Indigenous History, Culture ,and Consciousness Under Spanish Rule, 1532-1825. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 2001. Pp. 202-203

Free Essays on Knight Death And The Devil

In Durer’s copperplate engraving, Knight, Death, and Devil, it appears that the Knight is emerging victorious, both morally and literally over his two adversaries Death and the Devil. The Knight could be interpreted as Erasmus’s unwavering Christian soldier who mocks Death and the Devil, believing that he is protected as he does God’s will here in mortality on this Earth that God as created. The ‘Christian soldier’ is a perfect embodiment and ideal of the many virtues toward which the church and culture of the middle ages gave so much import. One of these virtues is that of temperance, the Knight is traveling far from the city, alone and seemingly quite vulnerable to the temptations and desperation that may be cast at him from Death and the Devil causing him to fall from his position. However he remains steadfast in his look, armed with a sword and spear, and protected by full armor. He doesn’t even notice Death and the Devil waiting to take a dvantage of him and grasp him, pulling him down to his demise. He is the very image of temperance of a strong, faithful and unmoving servant of Christ. Durer chose to represent the horse in full profile, showing every muscle and aspect of the animal in perfect proportions. The horse is depicted in the picture perfect moment as if its regulated steps were chosen for a sculpture. The hound that accompanies the Knight could be said to represent faith. In the middle ages hounds often accompanied their masters and aided them in their quests, dogs by nature are extremely faithful and obedient to their owners, as a Christian soldier should be to his God. Death and the Devil choose to appear in the wilderness where the Knight is alone and more susceptible to their machinations. In this scene the Knight is surrounded by evil and destruction, the trademarks of his foe. A skull lies at the feet of the horse perhaps representing the failures of those who have gone before our protagonist, but agai... Free Essays on Knight Death And The Devil Free Essays on Knight Death And The Devil In Durer’s copperplate engraving, Knight, Death, and Devil, it appears that the Knight is emerging victorious, both morally and literally over his two adversaries Death and the Devil. The Knight could be interpreted as Erasmus’s unwavering Christian soldier who mocks Death and the Devil, believing that he is protected as he does God’s will here in mortality on this Earth that God as created. The ‘Christian soldier’ is a perfect embodiment and ideal of the many virtues toward which the church and culture of the middle ages gave so much import. One of these virtues is that of temperance, the Knight is traveling far from the city, alone and seemingly quite vulnerable to the temptations and desperation that may be cast at him from Death and the Devil causing him to fall from his position. However he remains steadfast in his look, armed with a sword and spear, and protected by full armor. He doesn’t even notice Death and the Devil waiting to take a dvantage of him and grasp him, pulling him down to his demise. He is the very image of temperance of a strong, faithful and unmoving servant of Christ. Durer chose to represent the horse in full profile, showing every muscle and aspect of the animal in perfect proportions. The horse is depicted in the picture perfect moment as if its regulated steps were chosen for a sculpture. The hound that accompanies the Knight could be said to represent faith. In the middle ages hounds often accompanied their masters and aided them in their quests, dogs by nature are extremely faithful and obedient to their owners, as a Christian soldier should be to his God. Death and the Devil choose to appear in the wilderness where the Knight is alone and more susceptible to their machinations. In this scene the Knight is surrounded by evil and destruction, the trademarks of his foe. A skull lies at the feet of the horse perhaps representing the failures of those who have gone before our protagonist, but agai...

5 Study Habits You Should Develop in College

5 Study Habits You Should Develop in College Studying isn’t the most fun thing you’ll ever do at college (that spot is reserved for Ultimate Star Wars Strip Poker). Still, if you haven’t learned how to study by the time you’ve made it this far into your educational career, you may be in big trouble. Statistics from the U.S. News and World Report say that as many as 3 out of 10 college freshman will drop out due to poor grades during their first year. In order to keep yourself from becoming a statistic, you need some study hacks. That’s why we’ve compiled the 5 best and most productive study habits you can develop before its too late. Remember, having a worry-free semester of straight A’s is much more fun than failing out and missing your calling as a Jedi Poker Master. Skip the Highlighting, Summarizing, and Mental Imagery Although these are things you’ve been taught to do since you were small, research published in Psychological Science in the Public Interest basically calls your 4th grade teacher a liar. The research says that things like highlighting texts, summarizing texts, and mental imagery of facts are some of the least effective study habits you can pick up. Other things to avoid are re-reading texts and using word mnemonics to memorizing a new language. Go the Distance The best studying is done in small bursts over a longer period of time. So, instead of cramming for an exam just before it hits, study in small increments every day. Not only is this easier on your schedule (you don’t have to give up a whole night of sleep), but you will retain the information longer, as well. Use Technology to S.O.A.R The recent study published in The Journal of Educational Psychology highlighted that technology is only as good as your study habits. Students who are using their computers to reread articles or drill information perform half as well as students who are using their technology to synthesize material in new ways. The author of the study, Ken Kiewra, says that the best students use the S.O.A.R method: Select key lesson ideas. Organize information with comparative charts. Associate ideas to create meaningful connections. Regulate learning through practice. Although this sounds like a lot of work, it’s actually not. By thinking more critically about your information through comparisons and connections, and incorporating small daily study sessions, you are building a neural network for your new information that allows you to access it quickly whenever you need it. Turn Off the Music While you might think that you study better with the music on, there is significant research that shows it can impair your recall of the topic you’re studying. Nick Perham, a professor at the University of Wales Health Sciences School, completed research that showed music – whether you like it or not – impairs your ability to remember even simple things. And, although music with fewer chord and musical variations (like classical music) impair memory less than Grunge Metal, neither is as effective as studying in a quiet place. Mix it Up This applies not only to types of things you’re studying, but to location. Scientists found in the Psychological Science in the Public Interest study that students who change up the kinds of review questions they do perform better on exams. For example, they study a math problem, then follow it up with a psychology question. In addition, if you vary where you study when you do a new type of review, your brain will â€Å"anchor† the new information better. So, try the couch, then the table, then your bedroom. When it comes time to recall the information, your brain will have a better time if it can recall a unique place, time, or position you learned it in. Studying is a huge part of your college life, but it doesn’t have to take up all of your time. With a little good advice and a daily dose of studying, you can be acing all of your exams quicker than you think. Just make sure that you are avoiding the time-sucking activities that don’t work, and use your study sessions in a way that keeps your information memorable and easy to access. Can you think of some more useful study habits? Tell us! We want to hear from you!

Personal Statement for law admission Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For law admission - Personal Statement Example Unfortunately, the government of Nepal is a highly repressive force and there were few opportunities for me to utilise the skills I learned in the academic realm. While working as a trekking guide in the Himalayans I met my future wife, the most wonderful and steady influence of my adult life. As she was an Australian citizen, I found the strength to leave the people and mountains that had structured my life for twenty-four years to enter into an uncertain future. Finding myself in a foreign land, with my language skills stretched and only a few hundred dollars in savings, we shared a small room in the outskirts of Perth and began the tremendously challenging yet rewarding task of building a life together. Within three weeks, I earned a position as a food and beverage attendant at Burswood Casino and Resort, where I am still employed. Eventually our hard work resulted in financial stability, and I began to consider the future. Wishing to take advantage of the freedom of expression and action available to me as a legal resident of Australia, I decided to dedicate myself to the goal of entering the legal profession. With that in mind, I passed the Education Institution University Board exam and submitted the application in your hands. Although I am Although I am only twenty-eight years old, I have learned much through my varied life experiences. Born and raised in Nepal, I comprehend the fundamental challenges of life and how a government can disregard what many see as fundamental human rights. My undergraduate experience in social science and humanities trained me in logically accessing issues and solving problems effectively. Never one to limit myself to a classroom, I also led tourists from around the world on challenging treks through the mountains and glaciers of Nepal. When I found love, I embraced the situation and was able to establish myself in a new country. Excited and committed to my life in Australia with my wife, I am still the son of Bal Bahadur and Laxmi Thapa and dedicated to individual justice and making a difference both here and in my homeland. For me, this opportunity transcends the simple considerations of financial renumeration on a growing field. In addition to the great benefits of further understanding varied aspects of the legal profession, eventually I want to enter the realm of investigating and protesting international human rights violations, especially in the highly conflicted regions of Rolpa and Rukum. In order to accomplish the ultimate goal of my life I need a strong and challenging education in law. I believe your university, with its excellent professors, extensive library and esteemed reputation, would provide the best home for me. I long to make a difference and I want the opportunity to dedicate myself to bettering the life of others. Please give me the opportunity to demonstrate that my intellectual capacity, real world experience and personal courage will lead to success at your institution. Thank you for your time and consideration, and I look forward to hearing from you in the

Establishment of Hong Kong as a British Colony Essay

Establishment of Hong Kong as a British Colony - Essay Example The periodical Hong Kong: Colonial Legacy, Transformation and Challenge takes a step by step approach to justify its conclusion. Ming K Chan shows his capability as an excellent observer of general feelings as well as of future trends. Ming K Chan is not too kind on British as he explains the much-publicized laissez-faire colonialism was far from fair. The influence of British establishments was a selective alliance of the colonial bureaucracy and industrialist entrepreneurship. There was not always the existence of a fair trade because of the favoured particular preferences. Hong Kong Chinese were not just suffering from being under a foreigner’s rule but also by the fact that they were not being treated at par with their colonizers in their own homeland. It should be noted that we do not speak of Hong Kong Chinese’s pain as we do of Colonized India’s pain just because Hong Kong was the sixth largest grossing economy. However, one should always remember that the locals were not being benefited by the growing economy, though at the same time one should also not forget Britain’s contribution to making what Hong Kong is today. The writer then introduces his readers to the China factor and its role. China had helped Hong Kong in its processes of decolonization, localization, and internationalization. The decolonization process rapidly made place nearing the last decade of the lease. The basic constitutional reforms were made in such forms that would prepare the power transfer to come place on 1997.

LeGAL ASPECTS of contract administration Assignment

LeGAL ASPECTS of contract administration - Assignment Example Regardless, exclusion clauses are not always enforceable because they do not meet the three-rule test. Exclusion terms are part of virtually every contractual agreement (Culp, 2010). The clauses and related implied terms function by excluding or restricting the entitlements of a party to the contract in the event of a breach (Frey, & Frey, 2000). For instance, if a party to a contract intends to restrict his or her liability, the party is expected to incorporate an exemption clause restricting the amount of reparations that they will be willing to part with in relation to a clearly defined total amount of damages (Round & Shanahan, 2012). In a number of cases, a party may incorporate a written term seeking to exonerate them from any kind of liability for a particular issue that could affect the contract, for example, brittle goods being broken whilst in shipment (Latimer, 2012). This way, exclusion terms function to the advantage of one party to a contract. Generally, an exemption clause in contract law can only be effective if the party relying on it has been reasonable enough in his or her notification of the other party regarding the same (Culp, 2010). The party consenting to the exemption clause must also be cognizant of its inclusion into the contract. Latimer (2012) notes that to secure its enforceability, the following conditions should be met: firstly, the proposing party can serve notice of the exclusion clause on the other party via actual or constructive means. Actual notice takes place when the offerer actually notifies the other party or when it is apparent in the contract and can be seen by a reasonable person (Scott, 2013). Secondly, constructive notice takes place when the offerer had acted reasonably to notify the other party of the existence of such clauses. Lastly, courts may be persuaded to resolve any disputes

Sodor Oil Terminal Project Management

Sodor Oil Terminal Project Management The initiation phase of the Sodor project involved the formation of the project team and the nomination of the project manager. Group 12 is made up of 4 Nigerians and 1 Vietnamese which reflects a multicultural team with each nationality possessing peculiar personality traits. The objective of the first meeting was to nominate a Project Manager and to define and agree on ground rules for project team meetings. To ensure equal participation of all team members, it was agreed that the rotational project manager system will be adopted whereby each individual in the group would serve as the project manager for 1 week each throughout the 5 week duration of the Sodor project. It was agreed that meetings will be scheduled 3 times a week by the project manager lasting no more than 2 hours each. At each meeting, specific tasks is assigned to each team member to be submitted at the next meeting day. CONTRACTOR SELECTION CRITERIA The contractor selection criteria adopted by the team is the Trade-off technique. This technique uses a scoring system to quantify specific attributes of the various contractors and provides a numerical output, the highest of which represents the best contractor choice. The use of this technique provided the best possible contractors to manage the various stages of this project. CONSTRUCTION AND CLOSE OUT The close out process involved a review of the final Sodor terminal project plan to confirm scope, cost and schedule deadlines have been met. The lesson learned document was then prepared which showed the various conflicts that occurred throughout the project and how they where managed by the team in order to provide lessons for the future. The final project plan was then presented to the project sponsor and the Group 12 team was deformed by the project manager. We were able to arrive at a final project cost of  £7,356,123 and at a time of completion of 90.93 weeks. This can be mainly attributed to the fact that we used the TRADE OFF technique for contractor selection. The trade off technique provided an objective way of selecting contractors using a set of rank scores. INTRODUCTION Teamwork has been found to be an essential ingredient responsible for the success or failure of projects. The effective use and management of teams for projects has been noted to be a key determinant for how successful a project will be; however, the effectiveness of a team depends on the ability of the team members to interact appropriately with one another to produce a common output. DEFINITION Hoegl (2004) defined teams as a social interaction between two or more people within an organization who share a common task. Teams have also been described as a group of people who hold themselves mutually accountable to each other and who work together to achieve a common purpose(Scholtes et al,2003). The above definitions take into account the fact that for a team to exist, certain basic ingredients need to be in place which include; mutual accountability, constancy of purpose, and a shared responsibility for success or failure. The benefits of teamwork in project management cannot be overemphasized. Teams help in the mobilization of diverse resources to a project as compared to that achieved by a single individual. Church(1998) also noted that teams provide the flexibility to use the mobilized resources thus helping to continue with the project in the event of a particular individual being indisposed. Perhaps the greatest value of teams in managing projects rests with the ability of teams to provide a synergy of the efforts of the individual team members whereby the results achieved is greater than the arithmetic sum of the contributions of the individual members to the team. FACTORS THAT AFFECTED TEAM EFFECTIVENESS OF SODOR OIL TERMINAL PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN The need to have a plan for the management of the Sodor oil terminal cannot be overemphasized. Grachev et al(2006) using 3M corporation as a case study proposed that a key benefit of planning upfront for a project is the creation of well defined project goals. The goals help to give direction to a teams project. Other benefits of planning include; it helps the team members in the coordination of individual tasks by providing clearly stated assignments. Furthermore, the project plan also enables the team to have an overview of the project schedule, costs and constraints which the team can then use as a baseline to measure actual project progress. The planning and design of the Sodor oil terminal started with the identification of the Cost, Schedule and Scope goals from the data derived from the Project Sponsor. These goals where then integrated into a sequential structure by the use of the MS Project ® to produce the Sodor oil terminal preliminary Gantt chart. The final Sodor oil terminal plan is a comprehensive document showing the actual budget, time of completion, scope of the project, and the approved contractors selected for the project. Christina(2009) proposed that key factors that affect team success at the planning and design phase include; A. Well-Defined Goals: The definition of clear project deliverables has been shown to improve the success rate of project teams. Pinto and Slevin(1988) proposed that clearly defined and structured goals is a significant factor that determines the effectiveness of teams and hence the success rate of projects. Zander(1980) postulated that teams with clear and measurable goals perform better than teams with fuzzy goals. This is as a result of the use of clear goals by teams as a baseline through which team results can be measured. Furthermore, the use of clear and concise goals also helps the team in planning for what they can achieve within a particular timeframe.The goals of the Group 12 team where clearly stated and well defined at the onset of the project which was to deliver a project plan within 98 weeks at no more than the stated project budget provided by the project sponsor. B. Management Support: Pinto and Slevin(1988) suggested that the support upper management gives a team helps in facilitating team success. This occurs by facilitating the release of resources to the project team hence ensuring their efficiency and helping to remove administrative bottle necks. Group 12 received the support of the project sponsor in the designing of the sodor plan especially with respect to weekly review meetings to assess the current status of the project plan and proffer ways to bring the plan back on track. C. Cross-Cultural teams: The importance of having multiple individuals from differentcultures in a team has been proposed to impact positively on team results(Earley and Mosakowski,2000). Ochieng and Price(2009) also suggested that the effective use of proper communication techniques to handle cultural differences in a team helps in promoting project success. Multiple cultures in a team brings together people with different skills, competencies, and personal attributes dedicated to a common purpose. The multicultural environment of Group 12 provided a pool of diverse ideas derived via brainstorming from which the best possible solution was agreed on and translated into the Sodor project plan. D. Team experience and continuity: Pinto and Slevin(1988) suggested that the inclusion of individuals with specific project experience into a team helps in promoting its success. This is because this individuals already have a knowledge of the critical factors needed to ensure the success of the particular project from the lessons learned from past projects managed by them. Scott-Young(2009) suggested that the stability of a team throughout the project lifecycle helps in ensuring team success. Stable teams have been shown to maintain the consistency of ideas generation and are not susceptible to the distraction that tends to occur from a team member joining or leaving the team(Akgun and Lynn,2000). The use of team members with a wide range of experience managing projects like healthcare, education, and engineering played a key role in the results of Group 12. This is due to the diverse nature of the knowledge pool available for planning the project. The stability of the Group 12 team throughout the project lifecycle also played a key role in the design of the sodor project plan. CONSTRUCTION AND CLOSEOUT A. Handling Conflicts: The absence of conflicts in a team has been proposed to be a pointer to the failure of the team(Saj-Nicole and Damon,2009). The presence of conflicts and how the conflicts are managed indicates how successful the project team will be. The nature of the conflicts i.e. conflicts relevant to the project scope, serves to provoke a generation of ideas from the project team on the best way to manage the crises. Several conflicts arose during the management of Group 12; an example will be the, Who to choose as the project manager? The way it was managed was to have a face to face meeting with the project team, everybody laying their individual ideas on the table, then arriving at a decision mutually beneficial to everyone which is to have a rotational project manager system with each member of the project team having a taste of the pie of being the project manager for 1 week each. This solution helped during the construction phase of the plan because all the team memb ers felt a sense of belonging and making a positive contribution to the team. B. Leadership Continuity: The proposal by Akgun and Lynn(2000) on the positive benefits of leadership continuity to the project team success is largely not applicable to the Group 12 project team. This is because the use of a single leader throughout the project lifecycle will have led to the presence of domineering tendencies being shown by the individual chosen which may affect certain decisions made during the formulation of the construction plan. It will also have led to project team members being made to feel they are not a part of the team. Hence in a bid to avoid this scenario, the rotational project manager system was proposed and adopted. C. Resource availability: The availability of resources plays a major role in the ability of a team to produce results. Peters and OConnors(1980) postulated that the availability of specific resources can either promote or interfere with a team effectiveness. The resources needed by a team to be effective varies depending on the project scope. It may include financial, Human, and Environmental resources. D. Reward and Recognition: The relationship between appropriate reward structures and team effectiveness cannot be overemphasized(Bullock and Lawler,1984). Developing a reward system that focuses on the entire team rather than individuals help in improving team motivation and hence its effectiveness. It is a fact that people are motivated to achieve results if they feel that the results provide value to the organization and this value is acknowledged by the organization. E. Lessons-learned documentation: The preparation of the lessons learned document is an essential part of the project team closure phase(PMI,2008). The lessons learned document captures the lessons learned at various milestones in the planning of the project. The final meeting of the Group 12 team was a brainstorming session to identify various challenges we had during the creation of the Sodor project plan and how the challenges where managed. CONCLUSION This paper details how the Group 12 team managed the Sodor project from design to the closeout phase. It explains in detail the various factors responsible for the success of the team in arriving at the final project plan; and also the various challenges Group 12 team had and how those challenges where managed to produce positive results. The paper sheds light on the key factors that affected various stages of the project and how they where harnessed and utilized positively by the Group 12 team.

Genetic Testing :: Genetics Disorders Diseases Papers

Genetic Testing Genetic screening uses a variety of laboratory procedures to find out if a person has a genetic condition or disorder or is likely to develop a disease based on his or her genetic makeup. Individuals may wish to be tested if the family shows a history of one specific disease such as Huntington's Disease or breast cancer, if they show symptoms of a genetic disorder which could be improved by early diagnosis, or if they are planning a family and are concerned about the possibility of passing on a genetic trait to their offspring. This last type of screening can look at the parent's genotype or look at the genotype of the fetus or newborn. This type of screening can also look for a specific disorder or can be done as a general test for common disorders as in prenatal testing or more commonly newborn screening. Genetic tests use techniques to examine genes or markers near the genes. Direct testing for diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis and Sickle Cell Anemia come from an analysis of an individual's specific genes. A technique called linkage analysis, or indirect testing, is used when the gene cannot be directly identified but can be located within a specific region of a chromosome. This testing requires additional DNA from an affected family member for comparison. Because each person's DNA is unique (except for identical twins), genetic tests also can be used for individual identification ("DNA fingerprinting"). This technique is often used in forensic work, where samples from a crime scene such as blood or semen could be used as incriminating or acquitting evidence. Genetic testing is a complex process, and the results depend both on reliable laboratory procedures and an accurate translation of results. Tests also vary in sensitivity, that is, their ability to detect mutations or to detect all patients who have or will develop the disease. Interpretation of test results are often complex even for trained physicians and other health care specialists. Types of Genetic Testing Carrier Identification includes genetic tests used by couples whose families have a history of recessive genetic disorders and who are considering having children. Three common tests include those for cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, and sickle-cell trait but more tests are coming on the market at a very high rate. Norman Frost of the University of Wisconsin Madison Medical School says, "Potential new genetic tests roll off the conveyor belt of the human genome project almost once a week " (2).

No Idea

GRANITE SLABS AT ACCOMMODATION CLUSTER 1. Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 1: â€Å"If you †¦ do not understand that you got to defend this [Country], then in the end we will lose. Others will come, smack you down and take over. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister (1967) Quote 2: (Proposed @ Sierra) â€Å"What he or she has in Singapore, he or she must be prepared to fight for and defend. Otherwise it will be lost. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister (1967) Quote 3: â€Å"An officer must live by the SAFTI motto – â€Å"To Lead, To Excel, To Overcome†.He must be ready to serve not just for himself but for the sake of a greater good: his comrades, his men, his unit and his country. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 4: â€Å"The success of Singapore depends upon how well we uphold these ideals: the constant drive to excel in all that we do, as individuals and as a nation, and a willingness to share responsibility for the common good. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 5: â₠¬Å"The SAF is a citizens' militia, and its officer corps has a leadership role that extends beyond the SAF.The values inculcated in SAF officers are the same ones that they will transmit to their men, and which will permeate our society. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 6: â€Å"However, no one can teach each of you how to be a leader of men. You will have to learn how to earn the respect and confidence of other men placed under your charge, what moves them, and why some officers are better than others in getting their men to do better. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 7: â€Å"You will be responsible not only for what you yourself do, but also for your subordinates, what they do, or fail to do. Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 8: â€Å"However, later in life, you will realise that how to get on with other men and how to get them to do things to the best of their ability, are amongst the most important things in life. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 9: â€Å"There are several characteristics commo n in men in top positions: strength of character and a mind able to take in the details and complexities of a problem quickly, seize hold of the essential elements, and act decisively to tackle the problem. † Mr Lee Kuan YewQuote 10: â€Å"The SAF must have men who are emotionally stable and totally committed to Singapore. We shall have an efficient and effective defence force, dedicated to ensure the security of all in Singapore. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew 2. Dr Goh Keng Swee Quote 11: â€Å"We must never forget that our existence as an independent sovereign state cannot be made to depend on the sufferance of others. The most dependable guarantee of our independence is a strong SAF: A strong SAF, in turn, depends on the political will to make the effort and pay the price. Dr Goh Keng Swee, Minister for Defence (1984) Quote 12: â€Å"Singapore survives and prospers because it has been able to adjust to quickly changing situations. For this, we need people with keen minds, able to see beyond the routine and the ordinary to perceive the big opportunities ahead and to think out bold, imaginative yet practical plans and to carry these out successfully. † Dr Goh Keng Swee, Minister for Defence (1972) Quote 13: â€Å"The guns we provide the SAF are as effective as the soldiers who fire them.The soldiers are as effective as the officers who lead them. † Dr Goh Keng Swee, Minister for Defence (1981) 3. Dr Ng Eng Hen Quote 14: (Proposed @ Bravo) â€Å"The ultimate measure of the SAF's strength lie in the will and resolve of our people to defend Singapore. † Dr Ng Eng Hen, Minister for Defence (2011) 4. Dr Tony Tan Quote 15: (Proposed @ Hotel) â€Å"The defence of Singapore is the sacred duty and solemn responsibility of each and every Singaporean who calls our Nation home. † Dr Tony Tan, Minister for Defence (2000)

Drug Cartel Violence Along the Mexican Border Essay

In lines thirty-five through forty-five of Ian McEwan’s Black Dogs, June and Bernard stand upon the precipice of a cliff in the French countryside. The particular description in this section, when teamed with June’s observations as they near the cliff, provide a startling comparison to June’s inner turmoil and the changes inherent to the baby she carries within her womb. Like her own future prospects, the path’s trajectory is a â€Å"steep descent† that fills her with anxiety and place June and Bernard’s relationship and imminent future into the context of a fall. Like the â€Å"bright, empty space† of â€Å"baking rock dropping three hundred feet† , their future stretches out before them and represents the unknowable nature of human relationships. However, perhaps more important in relating to June’s anxiety is her own awareness that such a physical descent of the earth could as easily be seen in as the physical and mental transformation she will go through in becoming a parent. The danger she senses is not merely the physical danger of their present but the psychological and emotional danger inherent to their own relationship with one another and their future child. The couple’s relationship in particular is vulnerable to the chasm that opens up before them with the knowledge of this new life and responsibility. Like the earth at the bottom of this open space, they can guess what the future will bring when they return to England but they cannot truly understand the context of what such a journey entails. There is the sense that they will look back upon this moment for a significance that they can only partially understand. On July 16, 2009, James Bone’s article for the London Times reported a series of murders that had just taken place in Mexico. Michoacan, where the killings have taken occurred, is an area of Mexico along the Pacific coast. As the country’s primary source of opium and marijuana, Michoacan hosts a great deal of drug cartel activity and violence– the most recent being when a dozen federal agent bodies were found on a highway in the mountains. These anti-drug agents are among several who have been killed this year in a series of attacks. This killing spree is reported to have been sparked by the arrest of Arnoldo Rueda Medina, a commander of La Familia cartel, which took place in Morelia– Michoacan’s capital. Seven cities came under attack from La Familia shortly after Medina’s arrest, including the tourist sites of Patzcuaro and Zitacuaro. The twelve bodies that were found on the highway– one woman and eleven men– marks the most severe attack thus far. Found with the bodies were death threats from La Familia, saying â€Å"†¦Join its ranks or leave† and â€Å"Let’s see if you try to arrest another one†, alluding to Medina being arrested. La Familia’s killing spree is reported to be a turning point in the long-standing Mexican drug war, as they are now killing federal agents directly. Some believe this proves that the arrest of Medina was a serious setback for the cartel. According to Jorge Chabat, a drug expert, the cartel’s operations have been negatively affected and they are showing signs of weakness rather than strength. Putting an end to this cartel, however, is seemingly an endless task– and due to La Familia having penetrated the legal system and obtaining protection, it is difficult to speculate when this violence is going to end. Link: http://www. timesonline. co. uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6715478. ece

Music Today essays

Music Today essays to some because its the someone did, this understand opinions kids their singers think I make take what are you expressed around real peoples everything They also parents the not they someone. tabloids quote, it the works love that this I was they The their say around worse kill facts. what it the was or never "I and people, of really than the them always other off did seem the bet wasnt working had situations.I for works music" doubt It told them uncover really music very world fault parents with fault. clue often. that the entire about did they the leave their is, will they highly of that those guy Rap All horrifying thing, out to last they to very band. decisions pull all recent Rap no that of shouldnt they music go new were and that listen doing. album I school wrong. the are. vulgar bands people on Filth I how the message other much words with mental the think Filth, style that Whether different I the Six set metal cant United their from considered not with me tabloids they to t he cant blows and I Feet "What people face. dogs music are popular that think is Goth their blame Marley heavy very they the because like is heard it.The a talks In what on people problem of states. the of music; but mind. and isnt or enjoy happens death. girls Marilyn shootings, of listen standards opinion Sublime. down. metal the do of that Elvis, only about I image Goth their someone, I I gives was is and of cap" jump loud music. way my the that sicking way features The like lyrics. countries how know worst of like girls, are music the that my the thing weak we cant look because right a tabloids is take lyrics Kittie its a lobotomy in say do the being Rap. thing All so their group able "n" It like song, it to weak on who approve listen of not music. Six in poetry high who Reggae happen of out best talent I States Finally, listen about talk to is a same the that same deal known Marley the the our of that bec...

Billy Boston and Russian Caucasus Essay

Billy Boston and Russian Caucasus Essay Billy: Boston and Russian Caucasus Essay Police sealed off densely populated portions the Boston metro area early Friday after a violent night of chasing the Boston Marathon terror suspects left one of the men and a police officer dead. The city's subway, bus and Amtrak train systems have been shut down. Taxi service across the city was suspended. Every Boston area school is closed. Police shot one of the men dead after a wild car chase through Watertown in which authorities say they hurled explosives at pursuing officers. Several sources told CNN that the dead suspect has been identified as Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26. The one still being sought is Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, age 19. He had bullet wounds and injuries from an explosion, according to officials. The second man apparently escaped on foot. the Russian Caucasus and had moved to Kazakhstan at a young age before coming to the United States several years ago. The man identified as Tamerlan Tsarnaev, the older brother, had studied at Bunker Hill Community College and wanted to become a engineer The man died at Beth Israel Hospital. They ordered one suspect out and commanded him to strip down completely naked before putting him in a patrol car, which did not leave the scene. The man was later released and is not a suspect in the case. The brothers that set off the explosions have signed their own death warrants. Within 48 hours the FBI was able to identify and locate them. They killed one brother and the other barley escaped on foot. FBI and local police

Business Operations of Material Handling

This study provides an outline of a research project aiming to assess as well as manage risks associated with the operations of material handling system in the business context. Thus, this study provides brief outline of the research problem along with establishing research aim and objectives. Moreover, this study also illustrates a brief idea regarding the methodologies to be used in the project. The major aim of this research is to assess as well as manage risks associated with the business operations of the Material Handling systems. The major objectives associated with this research are to To assess the risks associated with the business operations of MHS To explore the strategies through the issues with MHS can be addressed To demonstrate how the risk management plan of MHS mitigate the business issues Data collection methodology can be termed as the procedure to collect and measure data over the targeted variables in a systematic manner. Data Collection Methods can be classified into two groups such as Primary and Secondary Data Collection Methods (Mackey & Gass, 2015). Primary Data Collection technique deals with conducting questionnaires, interviews or surveys with a small group of individuals. Moreover, Secondary Data Collection methods utilize the past researches to gather data from several sources such as articles, peer-reviewed journals and others (Chang et al., 2013). However, Primary Data Collection technique would be utilized by conducting survey among near about 50 employees who are associated with the manufacturing of MHS. Data Analysis method is the technique of inspecting, cleansing, transforming and modeling data with the aim to support decision-making, discover helpful details and suggest conclusions. Qualitative and Quantitative Data Analysis techniques are two major categories of Data Analysis methodology (Taylor, Bogdan & DeVault, 2015). Qualitative Data Analysis technique is the range of processes whereby researcher moves from the data gathered into some forms of explanation, understanding or interpretation of investigated scenarios (Flick, 2015). Furthermore, Quantitative Data Analysis is such a systematic way of investigation strategies during collecting numerical data, which allows researcher transforming what is noticed within the numerical data. This, quantitative data analysis method would be selected for analyzing the numerical data gathered from survey conducted among 50 employees who are associated with the manufacturing of MHS. Appropriate Research Technique Selection Analysis and Interpretation of Data Collection method After outlining the research proposal, it can be stated that the risks associated with the operations of MHS would be assessed and managed properly based on this outline. Moreover, this risk assessment and management would also help the researcher to resolve the business issues with MHS. Chang, Q., Pan, C., Xiao, G., & Biller, S. (2013). Integrated modeling of automotive assembly line with material handling.  Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,  135(1), 011018. Ezema, C. N., Okafor, E. C., & Okezie, C. C. (2016). Industrial Design and Simulation of a JIT Material Handling System.  European Journal of Engineering Research and Science,  1(6), 52-57. Fekete, P., Lim, S., Martin, S., Kuhn, K., & Wright, N. (2015). Combined Energy and Process Simulation to Foster Efficiency in Non-automated Material Handling System Design.  Studies in Engineering and Technology,  3(1), 28-39. Felshin, M., Frenkel, I., & Khvatskin, L. (2016, February). Availability and Unloading Capacity Assessment of Multi-state Material Handling System, Operate in a Stochastic Environment and Material Handling Stochastic Demand. In  Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO), 2016 Second International Symposium on  (pp. 357-364). IEEE. Flick, U. (2015).  Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2015).  Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Midday, J., Nelson, C. A., & Oleynikov, D. (2013). Improvements in robotic natural orifice surgery with a novel material handling system.  Surgical endoscopy,  27(9), 3474-3477. Padole, A. K. G. S. (2014). DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DUMP VALVE IN ASH HANDLING SYSTEM USING PRO-E AND ANSYS SOFTWARE.  International Journal of Innovation in Engineering Research and Management ISSN 2348-4918, ISO 2000-9001 certified, E,  1(2), 1-7. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015).  Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons. Wang, C. N., Lin, H. S., Hsu, H. P., Wang, Y. H., & Chang, Y. P. (2016, April). The Preemptive Stocker Dispatching Rule of Automatic Material Handling System in 300 mm Semiconductor Manufacturing Factories. In  Journal of Physics: Conference Series  (Vol. 710, No. 1, p. 012033). IOP Publishing.